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Are there animals that you have always been curious about? Amazed by the aardvark? Perplexed by the platypus? Now you have the opportunity to learn more about animals from A to Z. Just find the animal you're wild to know more about, and a click on the creature's name will lead you to a page on BBC's "Wildfacts" for more information. A wonderful way to discover more about our world and the creatures we share it with!
Click on the alphabetically listed headings below to view information for and links to each animals within that section.
Aardvarks are the only living member of the order Tubulidentata. Due to their elusive lifestyle, they are also one of the least known of all mammals.
AardwolfDespite being a member of the hyena family, aardwolves differ in many ways — one of them being their diet of termites.
Abert's squirrel, tassel-eared squirrelA North American tree squirrel that rarely comes down from the canopy.
Adder, common viperAdders are the most northerly distributed snake — they are the only species found inside the Arctic circle. They are also Britain's only venomous reptile.
Adelie penguinAdelies use pebbles to line their nest sites and will often pinch stones from their neighbours.
African assThis is the smallest member of the horse family and is critically endangered. The African ass is a grey-coated relative of our domestic donkey living in the rocky deserts of Africa.
African buffaloA stocky member of the cow family from Africa. The females form protective herds whilst the males are mostly solitary. Members of the herd are thought to 'vote' on which direction the herd should move.
African golden cat, African tigercatLittle is known about these nocturnal cats, although they are thought to have only one kitten.
African penguin, jackass penguin, cape penguin, black-footed penguinTheir call resembles a donkey's bray, hence their alternative name of jackass penguins
African porcupine, North African crested porcupineA large, ground-living nocturnal rodent covered in long spines or quills and living in family groups in complex burrow systems.
African pygmy squirrelThe smallest species of squirrel.
African wild dog, hunting dog, painted dogTheir markings are unique to each individual, like fingerprints, and help the pack identify each other.
Alpine marmotA large, ground-living member of the squirrel family. Alpine marmots live in social groups in burrow systems on many European mountain ranges.
Amazon river dolphin, boto, bouto, pink river dolphinThe largest of the world's five freshwater dolphin species. It relies on echolocation to find prey in the muddy rivers that it inhabits.
AmbulocetusAlthough Ambulocetus looked like a furry crocodile or a giant otter, it was actually an early whale.
American bighorn sheepA stocky sheep with very large horns living in the mountains of North America. The males stage impressive fights each year, and have extra-thick skulls to prevent brain damage during clashes.
American bisonOnce numbering 90 million, the American bison now only survives in refuges and parks. The symbol of the American Great Plains these 'buffalo' form single-sex herds of 20-60 animals.
American black bearIf running away from an American black bear, the last thing you want to do is climb a tree — they are expert climbers! Fortunately, they are less aggressive than some other bear species.
American martenAn agile tree-living member of the weasel family that hunts for small mammals and birds among the conifer forests of North America.
American mastodonThe elephant-like American mastodon was a distant relative of the woolly mammoth with which it shared its ice age home in North America.
American scimitarThe scimitar cat is the lesser known of the two 'sabre-toothed' cats of ice age North America. This extinct cat was a formidable hunter, and evidence suggests it was the major predator of mammoths during its time.
American water shrewA large, solitary shrew which uses its hind feet to swim underwater in search of aquatic insect larvae.
AncylotheriumAncylotherium was one of the last surviving chalicotheres and was not a knuckle-walker.
Andrew's beaked whale, splaytooth beaked whaleVery little information is known about Andrew's beaked whales, and most has been gleaned from about 20 strandings.
AndrewsarchusAndrewsarchus was the largest carnivorous land mammal ever.
Antarctic fur sealFur seals are distinguished from true seals by the presence of external ears and the ability to bring their rear flippers underneath their bodies to enable them to stand on all four limbs. For this reason, fur seals are more closely related to sea lions than true seals and are more capable of moving on land.
ApidiumApidium, now extinct, was one of the earliest mammals known.
Arabian oryxOnce extinct in the wild, this species is a reintroduction programme's success story.
Arctic foxUnlike some Arctic mammals, these foxes do not hibernate and can withstand temperatures as low as -50 degrees Celsius.
Arctic ground squirrelThe Arctic ground squirrel is unique in being the only known mammal capable of lowering its body temperature to below freezing, a strategy which helps it survive through the long, Arctic winter.
Arnoux's beaked whale, Southern four-toothed whaleIt is possible that Arnoux's beaked whale is the same species as Baird's beaked whale, although the difference in their distribution and size is a strong counter-argument.
Asian elephant, Indian elephantAsian elephants are more easily tamed than their larger African counterparts and have been used as beasts of burden for centuries.
Asian golden cat, Temminck's golden catUnusually, these cats often hunt in pairs, and the males are thought to play an active role in rearing the young.
Asian house shrewA large and widespread species of shrew which often enters buildings and has a strange jangling call.
Asiatic assA reddish-brown Asian relative of our domestic donkey with several subspecies (such as the kiang and onager), which are endangered.
Asiatic black bear, Tibetan black bear, Himalayan black bear, moon bearTheir ability to balance proficiently on their hind feet mean that they are sometimes trained as cubs to dance for human amusement.
Assamese macaque, Assam macaque, Himalayan macaque, hill monkeyLike most macaques, this species is highly social.
Atlantic hump-backed dolphinLike Indo-Pacific hump-backed dolphins, these dolphins have a fatty hump under their dorsal fin.
Atlantic spinner dolphin, short-snouted spinner dolphinSpinner dolphins are renowned for their fantastic acrobatic displays.
Atlantic spotted dolphin, bridled dolphinAtlantic spotted dolphins appear very similar to spotted dolphins but are recognised as a separate species.
Atlantic white-sided dolphinThis is a highly gregarious species, occasionally being sighted in groups of up to 1,000.
Aurochs, wild ox, wild cattle, giant oxThe aurochs was the ancestor of the European breeds of domestic cattle.
Australian sea lionThis non-migratory species spends a lot of time on the beach. It moves relatively easily on the land and may travel for a few kilometres on its flippers.
AustralopithecusAbout 5-6 million years ago, there were tree-living apes that gave rise to two major groups of animals. One group remained in the forests and is represented today by living chimps an gorillas, and the other lived more on the edges of the forest and gave rise to the hominids, today represented only by humans.
Aye-ayeAye-ayes are the largest nocturnal primate in the world. They are also the only primate thought to use echolocation, which they use to find grubs up to 2cm deep in a tree.
Azure damselflyDamselflies are smaller than dragonflies and hold their wings together behind the abdomen rather than out sideways.
The babirusa is a bizarre-looking pig from Indonesia. The males have extraordinary tusks that develop from their canine teeth, growing up through the skull and growing in a curve until it pierces the skull again between the eyes.
Baird's beaked, Northern four-toothed whale, giant bottle-nosed whaleBaird's beaked whales are thought to be the largest of the beaked whales.
Bald uakari, red and white uakariTheir red faces are a symbol of good health, and those with malaria have paler faces than those who are immune. This enables the monkeys to choose the healthiest mate to breed with.
Bank voleBank voles are widespread across mainland Britain but are absent from some offshore islands.
Barbary ape, Barbary macaqueBarbary apes are the only non-human primate to live in Europe (Gibraltar). Despite their name, they are a monkey and not an ape.
Barbastelle batThe use of insecticides, which affect their prey availability, may be a reason for the decline of barbastelle bats.
Barn owlThere are over 30 subspecies of barn owl, and with a few exceptions, they are distributed world-wide.
Barn swallowLike swifts and martins, swallows are adapted for a life on the wing, where they catch insects through agile flight.
BasilosaurusAn early whale, Basilosaurus is a relative of (but not an ancestor to) modern ceteaceans.
Basking sharkThe second largest fish in the world. Like their larger counterpart - the whale shark - they feed on plankton.
Bat-eared foxThe bat-eared fox is the only canid to have largely abandoned mammalian prey in favour of insects.
Bay cat, Bornean red cat, Bornean marbled catBay cats are one of the rarest cats species in the world. Descriptions of these animals are based on museum specimens, and there is very little information on live animals.
Bear-dog, AmphicyonidBear-dogs were neither bears nor dogs, but a group of their own related to both.
Bearded sakiA monkey with dense black hair, slightly lighter on the back, and a black beard. They live in groups in the canopy of the Amazonian rainforest.
Bechstein's batIn Britain, Bechstein's bats are restricted to southern England
Belding's ground squirrelA small ground squirrel that spends half the year hibernating underground and the other half feeding on grasses and seeds.
Beluga, white whaleBelugas are very vocal, emitting chirps, squeaks and clicking noises, which explains their nickname of sea canaries.
Black flying fox, Gould's fruit bat, black fruit bat, blackish fruit batThe black flying fox — in common with the other fruit bats — lacks the ability to echolocate.
Black lemurLike all lemurs, this species is only found in Madagascar.
Black rat, ship rat, roof rat, house ratAs their alternative name suggests, they were commonly found on ships, resulting in their distribution throughout the world.
Black-backed jackal, silver-backed jackalThese nocturnal dogs tend to spend the day hidden in bush,emerging at dusk to hunt.
Black-footed cat, small-spotted catThese small, African cats are highly unsociable. Like desert cats, they do not need to drink water and obtain sufficient moisture from their diet.
Black-handed spider monkeySpider monkeys are so named because of their long, spidery limbs. Their prehensile tail acts like a fifth limb when swinging through the canopy.
BlackbirdAlbino blackbirds are not uncommon, and most simply have white patches. Completely white individuals seldom survive, as they are more conspicuous to predators.
BlackbuckA stocky gazelle from India in which males are a distinctive black and white and have long twisted horns, while females are fawn coloured with no horns.
Blainville's beaked whaleBlainville's beaked whales are thought to have the widest distribution of all the beaked whales. They are also one of the commonest of the beaked whales, although they are still rarely sighted due to their preference for deep water.
Blanford's foxBlanford's foxes are less suspicious than other foxes and are therefore easy to trap and kill. This has meant that they have been dramatically reduced from their range.
Blue monkey, Sykes monkeyA guenon monkey with several colour variations over its range. Females stay with their mothers, forming territorial female-dominated groups with only a single male.
Blue sharkBlue sharks are considered to be dangerous and are thought to be responsible for attacks on ship and air disaster victims.
Blue titA common species at bird-tables, these attractive little birds are found throughout Europe, Asia and northwest Africa.
Blue whaleThe blue whale is the largest animal ever to have lived — bigger, even, than the dinosaurs. Yet they are elusive creatures and little is known about their lives.
Blue wildebeest, brindled gnuA grazing antelope that lives in huge herds on the plains of Africa and undertakes spectacular migrations.
Bobcat, red lynx, bay lynxThis member of the lynx family owes its name to its characteristic stumpy tail.
BongoA large forest-living antelope with a striking reddish coat and black-and-white markings. Both sexes have slightly spiral horns.
Bonnet macaqueAs their name suggest, these macaques appear to be wearing a hat, due to the peculiar lay of their fur.
Bonobo, pygmy chimpanzeeAlong with chimpanzees, bonobos are genetically our closest living relatives. They have strong social bonds that are strengthened by sexual behaviour.
Booted macaqueDue to their dog-like muzzles, macaques are sometimes known as dog-apes. This is a misnomer, as macaques are monkeys and not apes.
Bornean orangutanAlso known as the red ape, or the 'old man of the forest', orangutans are the largest tree-living mammals.
Bottlenose dolphinThese widespread dolphins are active and very acrobatic.
Bowhead, Greenland right whaleFemale bowheads are perhaps the most flirtatious ocean mammal and constantly tease the males into a frenzy.
Brandt's batBrandt's bats are very closely related to whiskered bats and were only recognised as being of a separate species in 1970.
Brazilian tapirA large Amazonian animal, related to rhinos, with a fleshy nose.
Brimstone butterfly, yellow-bird butterflyThese bright yellow butterflies are often the first butterflies to be seen in spring.
Brontothere, EmbolotheriumBrontotheres were a group of animals common and widespread in the late Eocene, related to the chalicotheres, rhinos, tapirs and horses.
Brown antechinusThe brown antechinus is a rat-sized, nocturnal, forest-dwelling marsupial found only in Australia.
Brown bear, grizzly bearSecond only to polar bears, brown bears are the largest land carnivores. A subspecies called the Kodiak bear is particularly impressive and can reach similar sizes to its polar cousin.
Brown hareRabbits and hares are lagomorphs as opposed to rodents. Hares are much longer-limbed and swifter than rabbits.
Brown kiwi, common kiwiThe kiwi is the national bird of New Zealand.
Brown lemurBefore eating millipedes, brown lemurs salivate on them and roll them in their hands for a few minutes, possibly because some species are poisonous.
Brown long-eared batAs their name suggests, long-eared bats have strikingly large ears, which are three-quarters the length of the head and body. When resting, the ears are folded and held backwards.
Brown rat, Norway rat, common ratBrown rats have been bred for research and the pet trade. They spread across Britain via the shipping traffic from foreign countries in the 18th Century, largely replacing the black rat. Along with house mice, they are considered to be the most widespread terrestrial mammal.
Bryde's whale, tropical whaleLittle is known about Bryde's whales, and they are often confused with sei whales.
Bull shark, Ganges, Nicaragua, river, shovelnose, slipway, grey, square-nose, Van Rooyens, Zambezi sharkIt is possible that this species is actually responsible for many of the attacks attributed to great whites. They are unusual in that they spend a lot of time in fresh water.
BullfinchBullfinches are in serious trouble in Britain, with the population down by 62 per cent in 35 years.
Burmeister's porpoise, black porpoiseThese are one of the commonest cetaceans around the coast of South America.
Bush dog, savannah dogThis is a small and stocky dog that looks like a terrier. They are one of the most social canids.
BushbuckA member of the spiral-horned antelopes with a chocolaty coat. Lives in dense vegetation, often near water, and browses vegetation at night.
These butterflies can be seen flying in gardens from July to September. Their small, green caterpillars are notorious for their preference of cabbages and their relatives.
California condorThe California condor is North America's largest birds of prey and also one of its rarest, with only a handful of birds living wild in California and Arizona.
California mouseA small deer mouse from California that is unusual in forming long-term pair bonds, with males contributing to the raising of the young.
Campbell's monkeyA quiet and camouflaged guenon monkey, living in small groups in the West African forest.
Canada gooseCanada geese were first introduced to the UK in 1665 as an addition to the waterfowl collection of King Charles II at St. James' Park.
Canada lynx, American lynxDue to its snowy habitat, the Canada lynx has adapted by growing a thick coat and snowshoes.
Cane toad, giant American toad, marine toadWhile other frogs and toads are becoming endangered, the cane toad has been very successful. Its density is higher in Australia than in its native home.
Cape foxThese are one of the smallest of the African canids and little is known about them.
Cape fur sealA large fur seal that is rather similar to many sealions and lives around South Africa and southeastern Australia and Tasmania.
Cape hyrax, DassieA small, African mammal, which looks like a rodent but is actually a member of the Afrotheria — related to elephants, sea cows, tenrecs, elephant shrews and the aardvark.
Cape pangolinThe Cape pangolin lives in a burrow, seeking ant and termite nests by scent at night.
CapybaraCapybaras are huge grazing rodents, which live in herds and are semi-aquatic.
Caracal, African lynx, Asian caracal, desert lynxAs with cheetahs, caracals are easily tamed and have been used to assist humans on hunts in Iran and India.
Cave bearCave bears are known from tens of thousands of skeletons and the paintings that Ice Age people made on cave walls.
Celebes moor macaqueDue to their dog-like muzzles, macaques are sometimes known as dog-apes. This is a misnomer, as macaques are monkeys and not apes.
Central American agoutiThese nimble rodents are important seed dispersers for many species of trees.
Chacma baboonIn 1986, a troop of chacma baboons was found living in the heart of the Namib desert — the most arid environment known to be inhabited by a non-human primate (the annual rainfall is only 27mm). In 1992, the troop went without water for 116 days, eating figs for moisture.
ChaffinchAs with many birds, recent studies have shown that their songs vary according to the region, a bit like a human accent.
ChalicothereChalicotheres were related to the horses and tapirs and evolved in the mid-Eocene from small, forest-living animals rather like the early horses.
CheetahCheetahs are the fastest animals on land. Reaching speeds of over 60 mph, they can easily outrun any animal over short distances.
ChiffchaffChiffchaffs are summer visitors to the UK and are scarce in Scotland.
Chilean dolphin, black dolphinVery little known is known about Chilean dolphins and most data has been obtained from strandings.
ChimpanzeeProbably the most intelligent non-human animal, chimpanzees are also very similar to us in appearance and in their social behaviour.
Chinese mountain cat, Chinese desert catMountain cats were traditionally called desert cats. In 1992 experts recommended that their name be changed after it was found that they are rarely found in desert habitats.
Chinese river dolphin, baijiOne captive Chinese river dolphin, Qi-Qi (male), provided most of all known information about this species.
Chinstrap penguinIn 1620, Admiral Beaulieu considered penguins to be feathered fish due to their adaptations to life underwater.
ChitalA large, spotted deer living in small groups in the woodlands of India and Sri Lanka.
Clouded leopardRelative to body size, clouded leopards have the biggest canines of all the cats — they measure 3.8-4.5cm. It uses them to kill its prey, often only needing to use a single bite.
Coal titCoal tits will repeatedly take nuts and seeds from bird tables and cache them for later consumption.
Coiban agoutiA mid-sized rodent which lives in pairs and runs on the forest floor looking for fallen fruit during the day.
Collared doveChances are, if you are reading this in the British Isles, you are within a mile or less of a collared dove. Yet, just 40 years ago, the closest individual would have been no nearer than France, Holland or Denmark. Until 1953, the species had never even been seen in Britain.
Columbian mammothThe extinct Columbian mammoth was one of the largest elephants to have walked the Earth. It had impressive, spiralled tusks which measured up to 4.9m (16ft) long, making them world record holders amongst the elephant family.
Comma butterflyThe edges of this butterfly's wings are ragged in appearance. On the underside of the wing is a small white mark in the shape of a comma.
Commerson's dolphin, piebald dolphinWith their harlequin-shaped markings, Commerson's dolphins are striking, and variable in pattern.
Common buzzard, Eurasian buzzardIn recent years, the population of British buzzards has exploded with thriving populations now in peripheral areas where there were few, such as Cheshire, Northamptonshire and the Lothians.
Common centipedeThough the name "centipede" means "a hundred legs", most centipedes actually have much fewer. The common centipede has 15 pairs of legs and is an agile hunter.
Common dolphinThis species has many other names including saddleback dolphin, white-bellied porpoise, criss-cross dolphin, cape dolphin and hourglass dolphin.
Common dormouse, hazel dormouseCommon dormice may spend up to three-quarters of their life asleep. They hibernate when food is scarce to conserve energy.
Common earthwormEarthworms help to fertilise the soil by bringing nutrients closer to the surface.
Common earwigDespite its name and threatening appearance, the common earwig is a harmless and interesting creature.
Common frog, grass frogThe common frog can breathe through its skin. This enables it to hibernate for several months beneath piles of mud and decaying leaves underwater.
Common kingfisherThe kingfisher is one of Britain's most brightly coloured and interesting birds.
Common lizard, viviparous lizardCommon lizards have the ability to shed their tails in order to fool predators when threatened.
Common pipistrellePipistrelles are the smallest and commonest bat in the UK.
Common raccoonAdaptable nocturnal animals that often live in urban environments in North America. They have extremely dextrous hands, which help them catch fish and aquatic animals as well as harvest nuts and seeds.
Common seal, harbour sealAs their name suggests, these are the most widespread of pinnipeds.
Common shrewWhen disturbed from the nest, young common shrews will sometimes follow their mother in a caravan fashion, using their mouths to hold on to the tail of the sibling in front. They are the second most common British mammal.
Common shrimp, European brown shrimp'Crangon' is Greek for shrimp.
Common snail, garden snailBecause of their moist skin, common snails are most active in damp weather and at night.
Common starfishStarfish have the ability to push their stomachs out of their mouths in order to digest prey too big to swallow.
Common swiftSwifts are accomplished fliers, spending most of their life in the air.
Common toadCommon toads secrete an irritant substance from their skin that prevents most predators from eating them. Unfortunately for the toads, a few predators, such as grass snakes and hedgehogs, do not seem to be deterred by this irritant.
Common tube-nosed batCommon tube-nosed bats are a type of flying fox or fruit bat.
Common wombatLike rodents, wombats' teeth grow continuously to compensate for the wear and tear caused by the silica in grasses.
Communal spider, social spider, colonial spiderMost spiders are anti-social creatures, happiest when left alone to hunt, but these spiders live in communes of up to 1500 individuals, catching prey and sharing it like lions at a kill.
Coot, Eurasian coot,Coots are related to moorhens, but they do not compete for food and are often found in the same habitat.
Corsac foxTogether with the Arctic fox, the corsac fox occupies a niche that is between the true dogs(Canis) and the foxes (Vulpes).
Coyote, prairie wolf, brush wolfThe coyote is the star of many North American Indian stories, who believe it is the chief of the pre-human animal age.
Crab spiderCrab spiders are very difficult to spot due to their colour-changing ability and are often only noticed when struggling with an insect.
Crab-eating fox, common zorroSouth American foxes are often referred to by the local name of zorro.
Crested black macaque, Celebes macaque, Gorontalo macaque, Sulawesi macaque,Like most macaques, this species is highly social.
Cuvier's beaked whale, goose-beaked whaleTheir beak is shaped like that of a goose, hence their alternative name — goose-beaked whale. They are possibly the most abundant beaked whale.
Dall's porpoises are the fastest porpoises, reaching speeds of 55km/h. They will regularly bow-ride, and send up a 'rooster-tail' of spray when they surface.
Daubenton's bat, water batDaubenton's bats leave their roosts to hunt at twilight, and they are fast, agile fliers.
De Brazza's monkeyThey take their name from Brazza, a French Explorer who founded the city of Brazzaville and the French Congo.
DeinotheriumDeinotheres are extinct but are in the same group as modern elephants.
Desert kangaroo ratA small, hopping rodent which lives in the desert, coming out at night to search for seeds, which it carries in its cheek pouches.
Dhole, red dog, Asiatic wild dog, Indian wild dogAlthough dholes are not fast runners, they have good stamina and will pursue prey for hours until they finally succumb to exhaustion.
Diana monkeyThese monkeys are named after the goddess Diana because the white stripe across their forehead was thought to be the same shape as her bow.
DingoThey are thought to originate from Asian wolves, which arrived in Australia with Asian sailors 4,000 years ago. Today, because of interbreeding with domestic dogs, there are few pure dingoes left.
Dinofelis, sabre-tooth catDinofelis is a sabre-tooth cat from a group often known as the 'false sabre tooths', as they had small sabres that were not as flattened and knife-like as those of other sabre-tooth groups and were more like those of the group to which modern cats belong, which have conical teeth.
DiprotodonDiprotodon was the largest marsupial that ever lived.
Diving beetleBoth the diving beetle and its larvae are voracious aquatic predators. The larvae can tackle large prey such as tadpoles and small fish.
DoedicurusLike Megatherium, Doedicurus was related to sloths and armadillos.
DorudonThese extinct primitive whales were once thought to be baby Basilosaurus.
Douc langur, red-shanked douc langurThese langurs live in the forests of Asia but are at risk of becoming extinct.
DrillSadly, In Nigeria, hunters use dogs to pursue drills. They are considered good game as they stand their ground and several can be killed with shotguns before they will flee.
Dromedary camel, Arabian camel, one-humped camelAbout 90 per cent of the world's 14 million camels are dromedaries.
Dugong, sea cowIt is believed mermaid legends may have originated when sailors from a distance glimpsed dugongs swimming in the water and mistook them for half-human/half-fish creatures.
Dung beetleAncient Egyptians revered the scarab (dung beetle). They credited it with keeping the earth revolving like a giant ball of dung. Much earlier than the Egyptians, 10,000 to 20,000 years ago, dung beetles were revered by Shamanic cultures, often as The Creator.
Dusky dolphin, Fitzroy's dolphinDusky dolphins are one of the most acrobatic dolphin species.
Dusky titi monkey, red titi monkeyDusky titi monkeys live in pairs. The bond between the male and female is very strong, and when they have been separated in captivity, they both become highly stressed.
Dwarf sperm whaleThese are the smallest of all the whales. They are very similar in appearance to lesser sperm whales, except for the difference in size.
This species of colobus has been hunted for their pelts, which were sold to tourists as wall decorations.
Eastern gorillaFor years the world's largest primate has been portrayed as a fearsome and aggressive beast. But gorillas are actually gentle giants, who have strong family ties and live on a vegetarian diet.
Eastern grey kangarooEastern grey kangaroos can leap up to nine metres in a single bound, but this great ability often gets them into trouble with Australian sheep farmers. Many are shot by farmers as they leap over fences and feed on grazing land, but luckily the kangaroo population is large enough to withstand this depletion in numbers.
Emperor penguinEmperor penguins are the largest of the family and endure the worst breeding conditions of any bird.
Emperor tamarinEmperor tamarins are thought to have been named after the Emperor of Germany, Emperor Wilhelm II, due to their long, white moustaches.
EntelodontThese extinct relatives of modern pigs were common in Mongolia.
Erect-crested penguinErect-crested penguins breed in large colonies on bare exposed rocks of the Bounty Islands and the tussock-clad beaches of the Antipode Islands.
Estuarine crocodile, saltwater crocodileThe estuarine crocodile is the world's largest living croc.
Ethiopian wolf, Simien jackal, Abyssinian wolf, Simien foxThere are fewer than 500 of these dogs left in the wild, and there are no records of them ever having bred in captivity.
Eurasian badgerWith their striking facial markings, badgers are easily recognisable. Also known as brocks, they are one of the UK's favourite mammals.
Eurasian lynxAs Europe's biggest cat and the largest of the lynx family, the Eurasian lynx holds many records. It also has one of the widest distribution of all the cats.
Eurasian river otter, European otter, common otter, old world otterOtters are one of the most playful animals, often appearing to take childlike enjoyment in sliding around on muddy banks or in snow.
European hedgehogHedgehogs are named after their pig-like habit of rooting through the undergrowth for food. They are quite noisy and can be heard snuffling and grunting during their activities.
European moleMost of the 29 species of mole are adapted to an underground life, and the European mole is no exception.
European polecatDomestic ferrets are closely related to polecats, and the two species sometimes interbreed.
European rabbitThe ancestor of all domestic rabbits, the European rabbit has become so successful that it is considered a pest in many areas. They were introduced to the UK by the Normans in the 12th century to provide meat and fur.
European robinThe robin is Britain's national bird, selected by public ballot nearly 40 years ago.
European starling, common starlingStarlings have always been thought of as a common bird in the UK, but their numbers in the UK have declined — possibly due to the use of pesticides and consequent lack of invertebrate prey.
Fallow deer were introduced to British parks and forests by the Normans in the eleventh century and have since become the most widespread species of deer in Britain.
False killer whale, pseudorcaFalse killer whales have unusual flippers — they have an 'elbow', like that of the long-finned pilot whale. They are also known to strand. On one tragic occasion, 800 stranded at once.
Fat dormouse, edible dormouseFat dormice were eaten by the Romans — hence their alternative name, edible dormice — who kept them in special jars to fatten them up for the table. They are the largest of the dormice.
Fat-tailed dwarf lemurFat-tailed dwarf lemurs hibernate during the cool, dry season, surviving on the fat stored in their tail.
Fennec foxFennec foxes are the smallest members of the dog family.
Feral pigeonPigeons are actually domesticated rock doves that have returned to wild or semi-wild conditions. Some rock doves were domesticated for food, others as homing pigeons, and some as 'fancy' pigeons, bred for their plumage.
Field vole, short-tailed voleField voles are present on mainland Britain but are absent from Ireland and some islands.
Fin whale, common rorqualFin whales are the second largest animal in the world — only blue whales are larger.
Finless porpoise, finless black porpoiseThese are the only porpoises to have a bulbous melon on their heads. As their name suggests, they are also unusual because they lack fins.
Fiordland penguinThe name penguin probably derived from the Latin word 'pinguis' or the Spanish 'pinguigo', which refers to the large quantity of fat on the birds.
Fishing catThese cats are good swimmers and will even dive underwater in search of fish.
Flat-headed catPerhaps this cat should have been named the fishing-cat, as it is an expert fisher. Its paws are also webbed — an adaptation to swimming.
Flatback turtleA flat-shelled Australian turtle.
Florida manateeA large, aquatic relative of the elephant that grazes underwater vegetation around the coasts of Florida, the Caribbean and South America.
Forest elephantIt was once thought that there were two subspecies of African elephant, but recent research has meant they have been reclassified as two separate species — forest elephants and savannah elephants.
Formosan rock macaque, Taiwan macaqueFormosan rock macaques are hunted for their meat and for the damage they do to crops.
FossaMadagascar's largest carnivore, the fossa is an unusual member of the civet family. It hunts lemurs in trees at night and has a strange courtship and breeding system.
Fraser's dolphin, sarawakThese tropical dolphins live in large schools and are shy of boats. Although scientists had been aware of their existence for many years, they were not actively seen alive until the 1970s.
Freshwater mussel, river musselThis freshwater species is common in canals.
Frilled lizard, frillneck lizard, King's lizardThe flashy frill and menacing hiss of the frilled lizard may look frightening, but it is all a big bluff.
Fringe-lipped batA bat that specialises in hunting frogs by listening to their mating calls and selecting the non-poisonous species.
These are the smallest of all fur seals but have the longest nursing period of all.
Galapagos penguinWhen on land, Galapagos penguins hold their flippers out to maximise heat loss and to shade their feet from getting sunburnt.
Ganges river dolphinThe Ganges river dolphin is completely blind, but hunts for prey using echolocation. They frequently swim on their sides, returning to the upright position when surfacing for air.
Garden spider, cross spiderThe garden spider is the best known orb-weaving spider in the UK.
GastornisThis fearsome bird is thought to be one of the descendants of the dinosaurs.
Gelada baboonGeladas are not actually true baboons and differ by having nostrils that are a further distance from the tip of the muzzle than other baboons.
GemsbokAn elegant horse-like antelope, found in Africa.
Gentoo penguinGentoos are the fastest underwater swimming bird, reaching speeds of 36 km/h (22.3 mph).
GenyornisGenyornis and its relatives have been nick-named the 'demon ducks'.
Geoffroy's black-and-white colobusColobus monkeys have vestigial or absent thumbs and have complex stomachs to help them adapt to a vegetarian diet.
Geoffroy's catAlthough most Geoffroy's cats are spotted, some individuals are completely black.
Geoffroy's tufted-eared marmoset, white-fronted marmosetLike many species of monkey, Geoffroy's tufted-eared marmosets are gregarious.
GerenukA gazelle with very long legs and a long neck, which stands on its hind legs to feed from trees on the African savannah.
Gervais' beaked whaleThe first recorded Gervais' beaked whale was found floating in the English Channel in the 1840s.
Giant antAs their name suggests, these ants were huge. Working as a team, they devoured everything in their path.
Giant anteaterThe largest anteater, and one of the strangest-looking animals on Earth, the giant anteater is an ant and termite specialist with an amazingly long tongue and powerful claws.
Giant cuttlefishThe Australian giant cuttlefish is the largest of the world's 100 or so species of cuttlefish.
Giant ground slothThe most spectacular of the four North American ground sloths. This huge animal weighed as much as a mammoth, could rear up as high as a giraffe and had claws the size of a man's forearm
Giant ichneumon fly/wasp, sabre waspThis parasitic species is the largest ichneumon fly in Britain and one of the largest in Europe.
Giant pandaDespite being one of the most popular of all animals, the giant panda is rare and elusive. Famous for their love of bamboo, little else is known about their behaviour in the wild and their breeding success in captivity is poor.
Giant pangolinA strange-looking creature likened to a living pinecone, with a long prehensile tail.
Giant short-faced bearThe giant short-faced bear was the biggest bear ever to have lived. Standing a 1.5 metres at the shoulder and equipped with powerful jaws, this bear would have been an intimidating sight.
Gilbert's potorooThe only known area where Gilbert's potoroos live today is on the South Coast of Western Australia.
Ginkgo-toothed beaked whaleThe teeth of this whale are shaped like the leaf of a ginkgo tree and are around 10cm wide.
GiraffeA tall-tree specialist with very long legs and a long neck. The coat is tan with brown patches, and the males use their bony horns and necks for fighting.
GlyptodontThe glyptodonts were quite unlike any other animal to roam the planet. Growing to the size of a small car and weighing over 1000kg they were covered in an impenetrable armour up to 5cm thick.
GodinotiaThis extinct species is one of the earliest known primates.
Golden eagleThe golden eagle is one of the most magnificent birds of prey in the UK.
Golden jackal, common jackalJackals will often follow lions and other big cats to scavenge their kills.
Golden langur, golden leaf monkeyLangurs are also known as leaf monkeys due to their vegetarian diet. They also have large and complex stomachs to help them digest cellulose.
GoldfinchThe collective noun for this species is 'a charm of goldfinches'.
Goose barnacleThis odd-looking crustacean is normally found in quite deep water, but occasionally they can be found on debris that has become dislodged from the sea bed and has washed up on the shore.
GoshawkGoshawks are present in increasing numbers in Britain — probably over 300 pairs — and the majority are probably related to birds released by falconers. They were originally called 'goose hawks', probably due to their size and finely-barred plumage.
Grant's gazelleA large and heavily built gazelle living in arid areas of east Africa.
Grant's golden moleA member of the ancient, native group of African mammals and not related to European moles, the golden moles are solitary, blind burrowers with shiny pale brown fur. Grant's golden mole particularly specialises in eating termites.
Grass snake, ringed snakeGrass snakes are one of the few animals that play dead as a defence against predators.
Gray's beaked whale, southern beaked whaleAs with most beaked whales, little is know about this species, and it is rarely seen.
Grayling butterflyThe grayling is a common heathland butterfly.
Great crested newt, Northern crested newt, warty newtGreat crested newts are Britain's largest newt species. Although now afforded some legal protection in the UK, populations have declined over recent years as a result of the destruction and fragmentation of their habitat.
Great hammerhead sharkThe bizarre shape of the head is thought to make the shark more sensitive to electrical signals, which they use to detect hidden prey.
Great pond snailThe shell of a great pond snail can grow up to 60mm high.
Great sperm whaleThe star of Moby Dick, great sperm whales hold many records, including deepest diving mammal, largest toothed whale and biggest brain.
Great spotted woodpeckerGreat spotted woodpeckers are the most widespread and numerous woodpecker in the UK.
Great titGreat tits are distinguished from blue tits by their larger size and black cap.
Great white shark, death shark, man-eater, tommy, uptail, white death, white pointerDespite being top of the list of man-eaters, great whites are actually far more at danger from us than the other way around.
Greater bamboo lemur, broad-nosed gentle lemurLike pandas, most of their diet consists of bamboo.
Greater bilby, dalgyte, rabbit-eared bandicoot, ninu, walpajirri.Greater bilbies are small marsupials that inhabit arid areas of West and Central Australia.
Greater horseshoe batHorseshoe bats have a horseshoe-shaped fleshy structure called a nose-leaf surrounding the nose, which amplifies the ultrasonic calls that the bat emits when searching for food.
Greater kuduOne of the largest antelopes, the greater kudu is a rich brown colour with white stripes. Males have spiral horns over a metre long and a beard under the chin.
Green turtleGreen turtles are one of the most widespread species of marine turtle, found in tropical and subtropical waters throughout the globe.
GreenfinchAlthough native to Eurasia, greenfinches have been introduced to parts of South America and Australasia.
Grey fox, tree foxThese foxes are unusual in that they live in pairs rather than in a pack.
Grey heronThese large and striking birds can be spotted standing motionless at the water's edge, waiting patiently for prey.
Grey long-eared batAs their name suggests, long-eared bats have strikingly large ears, which are three quarters the length of the head and body. When resting, the ears are folded and held backwards.
Grey mouse lemurGrey mouse lemurs store fat in their tails, and although they become less active in the winter, they do not hibernate.
Grey sealHalf of the world's population of grey seals are found on and around British coasts, and numbers here have doubled since 1960.
Grey squirrelGrey squirrels are an alien species and were introduced to the UK from the USA in the late-nineteenth/early-twentieth century. Their success has been to the detriment of our native red squirrels.
Grey whaleThe grey whale is the only member of its family. It is perhaps an intermediate between the rorquals and the right whales.
Grey wolfGrey wolves had the largest natural distribution of any mammal except human beings. Sadly, they can no longer claim this record as they have been lost from much of their former range.
Guatemalan howler monkeyHowler monkeys are the largest New World monkeys. They howl extremely loudly to advertise their presence in their territory.
Guinea baboonThis is the smallest of all the baboons.
Gulf porpoise, vaquita, cochitoAs well as having one of the smallest distributions of all marine cetaceans, they are also one of the smallest in size.
Haast's eagle was the largest eagle ever to have lived and is the only eagle in the world ever to have been top predator of its ecosystem.
Hamadryas baboon, sacred baboonThe ancient Egyptians considered hamadryas baboons to be the sacred attendants of Thoth, the scribe to the gods.
Hanuman langur, common langur, grey langur, entellus langur, true langurThese langurs are named after the Hindu monkey-god Hanuman and are the sacred monkey of India.
Harbour porpoise, common porpoiseDue to the noise they make when they spout, harbour porpoises are also known as 'puffing pigs'.
Harp sealThese seals are named after the harp-shaped markings on their back.
Harvest mouseHarvest mice are the smallest British rodent. They are the only Old World mammals to have truly prehensile tails.
Hawksbill turtleA small, tropical marine turtle with a very attractive shiny shell, often used ornamentally as 'tortoiseshell'.
Heaviside's dolphin, BenguelaThese rare dolphins feed on bottom-dwelling fish and squid.
Hector's beaked whale, skew-beaked whaleHector's beaked whales are one of the smallest of the beaked whale family.
Hector's dolphin, little pied dolphin, Maui's dolphinHector's dolphins are the world's smallest and rarest dolphins.
Hen harrier, northern harrierA harrier's face feathers are arranged into a disk. This helps the raptor to listen out for prey as the feathers form a groove, which direct sound waves to the ear opening.
HippopotamusThese large African mammals spend most of their life in water — including when giving birth, suckling young and mating.
Hoary fox, hoary zorroLittle is known about these South American foxes.
HobbyThese birds of prey are intermediate in size and strength between peregrine falcons and merlins.
Holly blue butterflyThe caterpillars of this small blue butterfly feed on holly and ivy.
Honey beeHoney bees have been introduced to nearly all parts of the world by humans. It is thought that the species originated in India. Mellifera means 'honey bearing'.
Honey buzzardUnlike most UK birds of prey, honey buzzards have adapted to a diet of insects and their larvae.
Honey possumA tiny marsupial, the only survivor of an ancient group, which lives only on nectar and pollen and hold a number of extraordinary records amongst mammals: the smallest newborns, the largest testes in proportion to body size, and the largest sperm.
Hooded sealAn arctic seal in which males have a bizarre inflatable 'hood' on their heads and can also inflate their nasal cavity out through their nostrils like a red balloon.
Hourglass, Wilson's dolphinNamed after their unusual markings, hourglass dolphins are rarely seen.
House martinHouse martins are a familiar sight in villages and towns, building their cup-shaped nests on the side of buildings.
House mouseHouse mice originated in Asia but have since spread throughout the world. Along with brown rats, they are considered to be the most widespread terrestrial mammal other than humans.
House sparrowHouse sparrows are decreasing alarmingly in Britain, with 64 per cent lost in the last 25 years.
House spiderThis species of spider is found in houses all over the world.
Hubb's beaked whale, arch-beaked whaleAs with most beaked whales, little is known about this species and it is rarely seen.
Humboldt penguinThe population of Humboldt penguins is thought to be declining. One of the reasons is due to El Niqo increasing water temperatures and reducing food supply.
Hummingbird hawk-mothThe moth is named after its resemblance to a hummingbird, with its rapid hovering motion as it feeds on the nectar of flowers.
Humpback whaleHumpbacks are renowned for their extraordinary and complex songs. These songs can last for hours and are specific to different populations.
HyaenodonThis is the largest member of a group of very successful and intimidating predators.
A grazing antelope from Africa which lives in single-sex herds. The males have impressive lyre-shaped horns.
Indian fox, Bengal foxDespite living in pairs, Indian foxes tend to hunt alone.
Indo-Pacific beaked whale, Longman's beaked whaleMost of the information on these whales has been determined from only two skulls.
Indo-Pacific hump-backed dolphinPopulations of these dolphins found in the west have a hump that the dorsal fin sits on. Those in the east lack a hump and can sometimes get confused with bottlenose dolphins. Their unusual coloration makes them easy to spot.
IndriMadagascans know the Indri as the babakoto, which means man of the forest or little father. They produce a loud territorial call in the morning, which can travel for over 1km. They are the largest of the lemurs and are easily identifiable by their stumpy tail.
IndricothereThese extinct relatives of the rhino were the largest land mammals ever.
Indus river dolphinAs with most river dolphins, this species is highly endangered.
Iriomote catOnly recently discovered, these cats have one of the most restricted distribution of all cats, and there are possibly only sixty left.
Irrawaddy, snubfin dolphinIn Vietnam, these dolphins are seen as sacred, and fisherman will release trapped individuals from their nets. They have also been known to drive fish into nets, although this is possibly accidental.
The largest cat of the Americas, the jaguar is a formidable beast. The Yanomami Indians call it the 'Eater of Souls', due to the belief that it consumes the spirits of the dead.
Jaguarundi, otter cat, eyra catWith its long, slender body and short legs, the jaguarundi looks more like a weasel or otter than a member of the cat family.
Japanese macaqueAs well as being the most northerly-living non-human primate, Japanese macaques are also famous for washing their food. They are often the subject of Buddhist myths and are thought to be the inspiration behind the saying "see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil."
Jungle cat, swamp cat, reed catPossibly the only cat that barks, male jungle cats will also defend their kittens.
Despite the fact that kestrels have declined in Britain in the last few years, they are still the commonest bird of prey in Europe. Their habit of hovering, particularly near motorways, mean that they are also one of the easiest to spot.
King penguinWhile one king penguin parent is guarding the chick, the other parent makes a trip of up to 400km (250 miles) in search of food.
Kirk's dik dikKirk's dik diks are shy elusive creatures, who pair for life and maintain family territories. Their distinctive zig-zag path of escape and 'dik-dik' call of alarm have earnt them their name.
Kirk's red colobusKirk's red colobus is sometimes considered to be a subspecies of Pennant's red colobus, which would make its scientific name Procolobus pennantii kirkii.
Kit foxThese are the smallest of the American foxes and are not much larger than a domestic cat.
KoalaKoalas are Australia's national emblem. They are not bears but belong to a genus all of their own.
Kodkod, Chilean catKodkods are particularly at risk of habitat loss as they have a restricted distribution.
A guenon monkey living in small female-dominated groups with only a single male.
La Plata dolphin, FranciscanaLittle is known about these river dolphins, although they are frequently caught up and killed in fishing nets.
Ladybird spiderMature males of this species have similar markings to a ladybird.
Leatherback turtleThe largest turtle with no hard shell, which can survive in cool waters and dive deep in search of jellyfish and other food.
Leisler's bat, lesser noctuleLeisler's bats were formerly known as hairy-armed bats, due to the long hair around the back and shoulders.
LeopardLeopards are one of the prize sightings on a safari. Stealthy and elusive, they are also surprisingly well camouflaged. The twitch of a tail may be the only give-away to a leopard resting in the branches of a tree.
Leopard catAlthough considerably smaller than their namesakes, leopard cats are equally secretive and elusive.
Leopard sealLeopard seals are named after their spotty coat, but they live up to their name and are fearsome hunters. Filling the niche that polar bears hold in the Arctic, they are the top predators of Antarctic waters.
LeptictidiumThis extinct species of mammal lived alongside the dinosaurs but died out when the tropical forests opened up.
Lesser bamboo lemur, grey gentle lemurThe small, tawny-coloured bandro lives exclusively in the reed and papyrus beds on Lake Alaotra, Madagascar.
Lesser Egyptian jerboa, desert jerboaA small, jumping mouse-like rodent with very large hind legs and a long tail. It spends the day in a burrow in the desert and comes out at night in search of seeds and plants.
Lesser horseshoe batHorseshoe bats have a horseshoe-shaped fleshy structure called a nose-leaf surrounding the nose, which amplifies the ultrasonic calls that the bat emits when searching for food.
Lesser kuduA shy reddish-brown antelope with distinctive white stripes and large ears. The males have impressive spiral horns.
Lesser sperm whale, pygmy sperm whaleSmaller than its giant relative, lesser sperm whales are thought to have developed an unusual method of escaping predators. They are believed to produce a thick red/brown fluid when startled, which allows them to escape as the predator tries to see its way through the dense liquid. Squid use ink in the same way.
LionLions are unique in that they are the only cats to live in groups (prides). The male lion is also the only cat to have a mane, giving it a regal appearance that has earned it the title of 'king of the beasts'.
Lion-tailed macaque, wanderooAs well as having a tail like a lion's, this species also has a mane. They are also known as wanderoos.
Little brown batLittle brown bats are just as their name suggests. These long-lived bats are abundant across most of North America, their numbers having grown with the increased availability of suitable roosting sites, such as attics and mines, provided by the ever-growing human population.
Little owlLittle owls are the smallest British owl and are closely related to the American burrowing owl. They are an introduced species to the UK but have been established for more than 100 years.
Little penguin, fairy penguin, little blue penguinThese Australasian penguins are the smallest of the family.
Little spotted cat, oncilla, little tiger catAs little is known about this cat, it is difficult to know what threats they face, but their numbers have suffered at the hands of the fur trade.
Long-beaked echidna, long-nosed echidna, long-nosed spiny anteater, New Guinea long-nosed echidnaAlong with platypuses, echidnas are the only egg-laying mammals.
Long-eared owlThe large ear tufts are not actually ears, they are simply feathers and have no connection with hearing.
Long-finned pilot whaleDue to their strong family ties, long-finned pilot whales often strand themselves in large numbers. When one animal strands the rest of the pod follows.
Long-jawed orb weaverLong-jawed orb-weavers are able to walk across the surface of water. In fact, they are much faster on water than they are on land.
Long-tailed macaque, crab-eating monkey, Java monkey, cynomolgus monkeyLong-tailed macaques are among the most commonly used laboratory animal, second only to the rhesus monkey. They were used extensively in studies leading to the development of the polio vaccine.
Long-tailed pangolinThe long-tailed pangolin is completely arboreal, spending the day in hollow trees and seeking ant nests by scent at night.
Macaronis can be confused with royal penguins, as both have black-and-yellow crests on their head. One way to spot the difference is that macaronis have black chins and royals have white chins.
MacraucheniaAlthough this animal looked like it should be a member of the camel family, it was actually related to a group of animals that no longer exists.
Magellanic penguinIn 1620, Admiral Beaulieu considered penguins to be feathered fish, due to their adaptations to life underwater.
Malayan colugoA little-known forest-living animal that has a huge gliding membrane and makes spectacular leaps from tree to tree in the Asian rainforests.
MallardMallards are the most familiar of all ducks and are the ancestor of the domestic duck.
MandrillMandrills are the most colourful mammals in the world. The skin colours brighten as the animal gets more excited.
Maned wolfWith their unusually long legs, this species has been described as looking like a red fox on stilts.
Manx shearwaterThese seabirds glide along the troughs of waves and nest in burrows.
MaraA rodent that looks a bit like a small deer with long ears and lives on the plains and scrubland of Argentina. Males and females form long-term pair bonds, but the young form creches.
Marbled catLittle is known about these nocturnal cats, although they are thought to be territorial.
Margay, tree ocelotMargays are excellent climbers and spend more time in the trees than on the ground.
Marsh harrierHarriers are slow fliers and have the ability to remain airborne at speeds of less than 32 km/h (20 mph). Flying at such slow speeds makes it easier for them to detect prey.
Matschie's tree kangarooMatschie's tree kangaroos are found exclusively in the Huon Peninsula of Papua New Guinea and the nearby island of Umboi, where they were probably introduced by humans.
Meadow brown butterflyMeadow browns are common almost everywhere in the UK and are found in fields, roadsides and woodland margins.
Mediterranean monk sealThere are three species of monk seal. The Hawaiian species is endangered, the Mediterranean species is critically endangered, but sadly it is too late for the Caribbean species, which has become extinct.
Meerkat, suricateThese social mongooses spend a lot of their time on guard, looking out for predators.
Megalania, giant ripper lizardWhen the first people reached Australia, they encountered the largest lizard that had ever lived.
Megaloceros, Irish elk, Giant deerMegaloceros is often confusingly called the Irish Elk, although it was found all across Europe, not just Ireland, and is technically a deer rather than an elk.
MegatheriumWeighing almost a much as an elephant, Megatherium must have been one of the most impressive animals to walk the Earth.
Melon-headed whaleThese bizarre-looking dolphins tend to remain in deep water and rarely swim close to the land.
Merlin, pigeon hawkMerlins are the smallest European raptors.
Mexican free-tailed bat, Brazilian free-tailed batA bat species that forms vast colonies, migrating from Mexico to Texas to breed. The large numbers of bats consume an enormous number of insects, many of them pest species, above agricultural land.
Middle Island tusked wetaWetas are living fossils, showing little or no change in body shape for millions of years.
Minke whale, lesser rorqualThe smallest of the rorqual family, minke whales are currently the only whales still openly being commercially hunted.
MoaDinornis giganteus was one of the largest of the moa — flightless birds related to the ostriches and emus. It became extinct when people discovered and colonised New Zealand in the 13th century.
Modern humans, Cro MagnonModern humans were first discovered in Europe 40,000 years ago.
MoeritheriumAlthough a member of the elephant family, this species adopted a lifestyle closer to that of hippos.
Mona monkeyThere is an introduced population of mona monkeys on the island of Grenada in the Caribbean.
Montagu's harrierMontagu's harriers are scarce summer visitors to southern Britain.
Moose, elkThe largest deer living a solitary life browsing in northern forests. A fast runner and good swimmer. The males have very large palmate antlers.
Mothercare spiderMothercare spiders are one of the few spiders that look after their young after they hatch.
Mountain cat, Andean catMountain cats have possibly specialised to hunt chinchillas, which have been hunted by humans to low numbers.
Mountain hareThis species is also known as the blue hare due to one of its summer colour forms.
Mountain pygmy possumAn unusual marsupial that was first described as a fossil species, then discovered to be still alive and living at the top of mountains in Australia.
Mountain ringlet butterflyThis species is rare in the UK and is restricted to mountainous areas.
MuskoxMuskoxen are truly Arctic animals, well adapted to their extreme environment with a superbly insulated, long, thick coat of dark brown hair and woolly undercoat.
Mute swanMute swans are one of Britain's largest and heaviest birds.
A rodent which lives in colonies underground, digging with its enlarged front teeth. Only one female in a colony breed, and her offspring become workers or soldiers, helping dig the burrows in search of tubers underground.
NarwhalThe narwhal's washed up horn found on beaches were thought to have given rise to the myth of unicorns.
Nathusius's pipistrelleNathusius's pipistrelles are similar in appearance to common pipistrelles, but they are slightly larger with longer fur.
Natterer's batNatterer's bats have pinkish limbs, giving rise to its old name of 'red-armed bat'.
Natterjack toadNatterjacks are claimed to be Europe's noisiest amphibian, the call of the male being audible over several kilometres.
NeanderthalDebate still rages over the relationship between Neanderthals and modern day humans.
New Guinea singing dogThey are named after their unique howls, which have been described as sounding like bird calls or whale songs. They emit a number of other vocalisations, including yelps, barks, screams and whines.
New Zealand sea lionAn endangered species of sea lion, which lives around the coasts of New Zealand and its surrounding islands.
New Zealand short-tailed batOne of the two native mammals of New Zealand (both bats), this bat has evolved to be able to forage for invertebrates on the ground, as well as in the air.
Night parrot, spinifex parrot, porcupine parrotThe night parrot is one of Australia's most intriguing birds and possibly its least known.
Nine-banded armadillo, common long-nosed armadilloOne of the more common armadillos which digs for ants and other invertebrates with its strong limbs and claws. It always gives birth to identical quadruplets.
Noctule batAlong with serotine bats, noctules are one of the largest British species and are one of the first to emerge in the evening.
North American beaver, Canadian beaverA large, herbivorous rodent adapted for swimming with webbed feet and a scaly, paddle-like tail. It lives in family groups and alters the flow of water in its range by digging canals and building dams.
North American pikaA small member of the rabbit family with short legs and soft, silky fur. North American pikas have individual territories on the rocky mountains of North America and spend much of the summer gathering hay for the winter.
Northern bottlenose whale, bottleheadOne of the most curious of beaked whales, this species will often approach boats, making them easy to study, and in the past, easy to hunt.
Northern elephant sealMale northern elephant seals are the second largest of all the pinnipeds (after the southern elephant seal). They were once at risk of becoming extinct, but happily their numbers are now much healthier.
Northern fur sealSeals, sea lions, fur seals and walruses are all classed as pinnipeds. The name is derived from the Latin for flap-footed, and these marine mammals are thought to have derived from bear-like ancestors that entered the sea millions of years ago.
Northern right whaleRight whales are named as such because whalers considered them the right whales to hunt.
Northern right whale dolphinThese dolphins have been spotted in pods as large as 3,000. Like their namesake, the right whale, they lack a dorsal fin.
NumbatThe only marsupial ant- or termite-eater, and the only marsupial to be active fully during the day. Numbats are very distinctive because of their black-and-white rump stripes and facial markings.
Nursery web spiderIn June and July, female nursery web spiders can be seen carrying their egg sacs in their jaws.
NuthatchThis is the only species of nuthatch in the UK. Unlike woodpeckers and treecreepers, they descend tree trunks headfirst.
Oceanic whitetips are easily distinguished by their large, rounded fins, which are mottled on the edges with white.
OcelotThe ocelot's attractive coat once made it a prime target of the fur trade.
OkapiA solitary, forest-living member of the giraffe family with a dark velvety coat, white stripes on its rump and legs, and large ears.
Olive baboonOlive baboons live in a matriarchal society.
Olive colobusA brindled colobus monkey, in which the females have the unusual habit of carrying their young in their mouth.
Olive ridley turtle, Pacific ridley turtleOnce, huge flotillas of this species would arrive at sandy beaches to nest, but human influence on their habitat has changed that.
Orca, killer whaleOrcas are one of the fastest animals in the sea. The record holder is a male timed at 55.5 km/h (34.5 mph). They are also one of the most widespread mammals on Earth.
Osprey, fish hawkUnlike most UK birds of prey, ospreys have adapted to a diet of fish.
OstrichOstriches do not need to drink — they can make their own water internally and get the rest from vegetation.
OystercatcherA black-and-white wading bird with a long, bright-red bill, which it uses to break into shellfish, each individual inheriting a particular technique from its parents.
This species is common in the North Pacific ocean.
Pale foxThese small African foxes are poorly known.
Pale-throated three-toed slothA slow-moving animal that hangs upside-down from tree branches in the forests of South America, eating leaves.
Pallas cat, manulThese Asian cats have adapted to a life at high altitudes, with thick fur and low-set ears to protect against the cold.
Palmate newtIt is said that the name 'palmate' newt is derived from of the appearance of the newt's feet, the skin between its toes looking like the palm of a hand.
Pampas Cat, Chilean pampas cat, grass catLittle is known about these small South American cats, and the subspecies vary considerably from each other.
Patas monkeyPatas monkeys are quadrupedal and are considered to be the fastest primate, running at speeds of 55km/hr.
Peacock butterflyThese butterflies get their name from the large and colourful eyespots on their wings, which resemble those on the tail of the peacock.
Peale's dolphin, blackchin dolphinThis little-known species inhabits the waters around the southern tip of South America.
Peregrine falconPeregrines are the fastest animals in the world. They are believed to achieve speeds approaching 200km/h (124mph) when plunging from the sky after prey. One has been logged by radar at 183km/h (114mph) after a dive of 305m (1,000ft).
Perentie, gigantic lace lizard, giant monitorThe perentie is the largest Australian monitor lizard, growing to 2.5 metres in length.
Philippine colugoA little known forest-living animal which has a huge gliding membrane and makes spectacular leaps from tree to tree in the Philippine rainforests.
PhorusrhacosThis species belonged to a group called the terror birds.
Pig-tailed macaqueSemi-tamed pig-tailed macaques have been trained by locals to climb trees and throw down coconuts. This species is currently in demand for HIV research.
Pine marten, baum marten, sweet martenPine martens were once considered to be vermin and were persecuted throughout the 17th century. They were trapped for their fur and because of attacks on game birds and chickens. By the early 1900s, the pine marten was extinct throughout much of Britain.
Plains zebraThe most familiar of the striped members of the horse family, living in harems on the grasslands of Africa.
PlatypusWhen the first platypus was shipped to Britain from Australia, people thought it was a joke, due to the animal's bizarre appearance — they thought someone had sewn a duck's bill to a mammal's body. Even when it was accepted to be real, people thought it was a bird or a reptile due its to egg-laying abilities.
Polar bearThe polar bear is the largest land carnivore and has a reputation as the only animal that actively hunts humans.
Polynesian rat, Pacific rat, Maori rat, kioreThe Polynesian rat is known as the Kiore in New Zealand, where it is an important cultural animal to the Maori people.
Pond skater, common water-striderPond skaters float on the surface of water, sensing vibrations and ripples with the sensitive hairs on their legs and bodies.
Proboscis monkey, long-nosed monkeyProboscis monkeys have the longest noses of all primates. In elderly animals, it can reach 17.5cm (a quarter of the body length) Although its function is not known for sure, it is likely to be a visual signal used in mate choice. The male vocalises through the nose with a kee honk sound.
PronghornThe only surviving species of a North American family resembling African gazelles, the pronghorn is a very fast runner with huge amounts of stamina and a curiosity that almost led to its extinction.
PropalaeotheriumPropalaeotherium was one of the earliest horses and certainly one of the best known.
Puma, cougar, mountain lion, Florida panther, red tigerThey are the most widespread of the American cats and have the largest distribution of any western hemisphere mammal. They also hold the record as the mammal with the most names.
Purple emperor butterflyThis large, brown butterfly has iridescent wings that shine blue or purple in the light.
Pygmy killer whale, slender blackfishThese are possibly the most aggressive of cetaceans. Pygmy killer whales caught and housed in dolphinariums have been known to attack humans and other dolphins.
Pygmy marmosetPygmy marmosets are the smallest marmosets and one of the smallest of all primates.
Pygmy mouse lemur, western rufous lemurPygmy mouse lemurs are the world's smallest primate.
Pygmy right whaleRight whales are named as such because whalers considered them the right whales to hunt.
Pygmy shrew, lesser shrewBritish shrews are protected by the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, and it is an offence to kill them without a special licence.
Pyrenean desmanThe Pyrenean desman is a relative of the mole and is a strong swimmer, catching insect larvae and shrimps by using its extremely sensitive nose.
Despite being hunted in their thousands, a small island in Japan has been designated a protected area for raccoon dogs.
Rainbow lorikeetIn Australia, these common and brightly-coloured parrots can cause damage in orchards and vineyards.
Red admiral butterflyA very attractive red and black butterfly that is a common visitor to garden flowers.
Red deer, wapiti, elkRed deer are the largest land mammals in Britain.
Red foxRed foxes have become the most widespread dogs in the wild, having overtaken grey wolves to the top spot. They are often included in folklore, with a reputation for being sly and cunning.
Red howlerA monkey renowned for its loud call, which the males make to tell other groups where the troop is currently feeding. This helps them save energy by avoiding having to patrol a territory and conflicting with neighbours.
Red kangarooThe largest marsupial, the red kangaroo is probably one of the best known of Australia's native animals, living in small groups in the dry central areas.
Red kiteIn Medieval Britain, red kites were common scavengers of the streets of London. Sadly, they were all but eradicated after being labelled as vermin.
Red panda, lesser pandaRed pandas look more like raccoons than their closest relative — the giant panda. They are secretive and gentle creatures, spending most of the day sleeping curled up with their tail wrapped around their head.
Red squirrelUntil the arrival of the grey squirrel into the UK, this species was the only European species. Sadly, it has been out-competed by the grey and has been lost from much of its former range in the UK.
Red wolfThe red wolf has a much smaller distribution that its grey counterpart. There may be only 100 left in the wild, and they are critically endangered.
Red-backed squirrel monkey, black crowned Central American squirrel monkey,There are two species of squirrel monkey (the other being the common squirrel monkey), and they are the commonest primates in the forests of Central America.
Red-bellied tamarin, white-lipped tamarinAs with most marmosets and tamarins, the male helps the female to rear the young. This is probably because both parents are needed to carry the young.
Red-tailed black cockatooThe red-tailed black cockatoo can be found in flocks of over 1000.
Red-tailed guenon, coppertail monkeyThere are about 20 species of guenons, and they are all found in Africa.
Reeves' Muntjac deer, Chinese muntjac, barking deerMuntjac deer were introduced to Woburn Park, Bedfordshire, in the early 20th Century. Since then many escapees have reproduced and expanded their populations outwards. Muntjacs were also introduced to parks in Hertfordshire and Northamptonshire.
ReindeerA large deer adapted for arctic conditions that lives in huge herds. Now greatly reduced in numbers, and most herds are domesticated. Both males and females have antlers.
Rhesus monkeyThey have given their name to the rhesus antigens found in their blood in 1940, which has enabled doctors to determine different blood groups in humans. Rhesus monkeys were also the first primates to be rocketed into space.
Ring-tailed coatiAn omnivorous member of the raccoon family with a long mobile snout, reddish fur and ringed tail. Females live in highly social groups whilst males are solitary.
Ring-tailed lemurRing-tailed lemurs are the most easily recognisable species of lemur as they are the only species to have a ringed tail and are commonly found in zoos.
Ringed sealRinged seals are small seals living in the northern hemisphere. They are especially adapted to live and breed in the arctic ice, building ice caves above their breathing holes to protect the pups from predators such as polar bears.
Risso's dolphinRisso's dolphins are easily identifiable by their scarred skin. This is caused by other Risso's dolphins who use their front teeth when playing and fighting.
Rockhopper penguinRockhoppers use species specific mating calls called 'ecstatic vocalisation' to attract their mate from previous years.
Roe deerRoe deer became extinct in most of England during the 18th century, but they were reintroduced in the 19th century. Before 1960 they were treated as vermin due to the damage they cause to the forestry industry.
Rough-toothed dolphin, slopeheadRough-toothed dolphins can be mistaken for bottlenoses, although they do not have such prominent beaks. They are sometimes seen with bottlenose dolphins, spinner dolphins, spotted dolphins and pilot whales.
Royal penguinRoyal penguins can be confused with macaroni penguins, as both have black-and-yellow crests on their head. One way to spot the difference is that macaronis have black chins and royals have white chins.
Ruffed lemurThese striking lemurs inhabit the rainforests of Madagascar.
Rufous elephant shrew, East African long-eared elephant shrewA small, mouse-like animal (although unrelated to rodents) with an extremely mobile nose and the habit of clearing paths through its territory in order to escape from predators at high speed.
Rusty-spotted catWeighing a maximum of only 1.6kg, the rusty-spotted cat is the smallest member of the cat family.
One of the best known of all the extinct ice age animals, the powerfully built sabre-tooth cat was equipped with lethal knife-like canine teeth. The sabre-tooth used these to inflict fatal wounds on mammalian prey such as bison and sheep.
Saddle-back tamarinA tamarin monkey with very variable colour over its range, living in family groups where only one female breeds and the rest of the group helps rear the twins.
SaigaThe saiga is a weird-looking antelope, equipped with a large proboscis-like nose, that inhabits open semi-deserts in parts of Asia.
Sand cat, sand dune catLike some other desert animals, sand cats are capable of surviving without drinking — they obtain all the water they need through their food.
Sand fox, Rueppell's fox,These small foxes emit a loud "wow" call, ending in two yaps. They have been hunted indiscriminantly as vermin over the last 100 years.
Sand lizardMale sand lizards fight vigorously for females. They grab the neck of their opponent with their jaws and then roll over and over each other, until one, usually the smaller lizard, retreats.
Sand tiger, grey nurse shark, ragged-tooth sharkTheir fearsome-looking teeth are an adaptation to gripping fish and other slippery prey.
Savannah elephantAfrican elephants are the largest living land mammals. As well as being physically striking, they have remarkably complex and interesting social lives.
Scimitar-horned oryx, Sahara oryxOnce numerous around the Sahara desert, this pale horse-like antelope with a reddish chest and curved horns was nearly hunted to extinction.
Sea otterThe sea otter is one of the largest otter species and rarely comes ashore, living its life in the kelp forests off the west coast of America, Alaska and Russia. It lies on its back and uses stones as a tool for dislodging and cracking molluscs.
Sei whaleThe sei whale's streamlined shape makes it a very fast swimmer, reaching speeds of 50 km/h (26 mph).
Senegal bush babyA nocturnal primate with thick, soft fur and long hind legs and tail that help it jump from branch to branch in search of insects, fruit and gum.
Serotine batSerotine bats are one of the largest British species and are one of the first to emerge in the evening.
ServalThese long-legged cats are capable of making very impressive leaps into the air when hunting birds.
Seven-spot ladybirdThe ladybird's bright colours are a warning to predators of its foul taste. When disturbed the ladybird will secrete small amounts of its oily foul-smelling yellow blood from its legs as a further warning to predators, such as ants or birds.
Shasta ground slothThe extinct Shasta ground sloth was a bizarre looking, cow-sized herbivore, which inhabited the south-western parts of ice age North America.
Shepherd's beaked whale, Tasman whaleUnlike most beaked whales, Shepherd's beaked whales feed on fish and not squid.
Short-beaked echidna, common echidna, spiny anteaterAlong with platypuses, echidnas are the only egg-laying mammals.
Short-eared owlMale short-eared owls use an aerial display that includes wing clapping to alert his presence to females. They may offer food as a bribe to the female.
Short-finned pilot whalePilot whales belong to a group of cetaceans known as the 'blackfish', which are actually dolphins. This group includes orcas and melon-headed whales.
Shortfin makoShortfin makos are the world's fastest sharks and can leap spectacularly out of the water when in pursuit of prey.
SiamangSiamangs are the largest of the gibbons. Unlike other gibbons, they have a membrane that joins the second and third toe on each foot.
Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkeyThis species lives in groups of one male to numerous females, but these groups sometimes gather with other groups to form bands of up to 200 individuals.
Side-striped jackalJackals will often follow lions and other big cats to scavenge their kills.
Sika deerSika deer were introduced to parks in the UK in 1860, but escapees have established themseleves in our countryside.
Silvered langurLangurs are also known as leaf monkeys due to their vegetarian diet. They also have large and complex stomachs to help them digest cellulose.
Slender lorisThis nocturnal primate spends the day curled up in a tight ball. It approaches prey slowly and stealthily, before reaching out and grabbing it with both hands.
Sloth bearThese shaggy-haired bears were originally classed as sloths. When feeding, they can be heard sucking up termites from many miles away.
Slow lorisSlow lorises may not be swift, but they are accomplished climbers and are able to hang from branches by their feet alone.
Slow wormSlow worms look superficially like snakes, but are actually legless lizards. One way to identify them is that unlike snakes, lizards (and therefore slow worms) have eyelids.
Small skipper butterflyA small, furry, orange-coloured butterfly with short wings, which are held partially closed when the butterfly is at rest.
Small tortoiseshell butterflyA small and attractive butterfly often seen in gardens, especially feeding on buddleia.
Small-eared dog, small-eared zorroThe male small-eared fox, though smaller than the female, is dominant. Both the male and the female move with a catlike agility.
Small-scaled tree pangolinThe tree pangolin spends the day in hollow trees or excavated termite nests, seeking ant and termite nests by scent at night.
Smilodon, sabre-tooth catThe sabre-tooth group is extinct but is closely related to modern cats.
Smooth newt, common newtA characteristic popping sound often accompanies a smooth newt rising for air.
Smooth snakeSmooth snakes are constrictors — they wrap their coils tightly around their prey and then swallow them live and whole. They are non-venomous and harmless to humans.
Snare's penguin, Snare's crested penguin, Snare's Islands penguinSnare's penguins generally form lifelong bonds with their mates.
Snow leopard, ounceOne of the most beautiful of the cats, snow leopards are also exceptional athletes capable of making huge leaps over ravines. They can also bring down prey almost three times their own size.
Song thrushSong thrushes are famous for smashing open the shells of snails on a stone anvil to get to the flesh inside.
Sooty mangabey, white mangabeyA long-tailed relative of the baboons, mangabeys live in mixed groups on the forest floor.
Soprano pipistrelleScientists have recently recognised the soprano pipistrelle as a separate species. It can only be reliably told apart from the common pipistrelle by its echolocation call, which is on 55 kHz rather than 45 kHz.
South American fur seal, Southern fur sealThis species is extremely territorial during the breeding season. Males take up territories in November, which they defend rigorously, and are joined two weeks later by females.
South American sea lion, Southern sea lionAlso known as maned seals, males are approximately three times the size of females.
Southern bottlenose whaleSouthern bottlenose whales have a wider distribution than their northern relatives.
Southern cassowary, double-wattled cassowary,Cassowaries are large, flightless birds that are closely related to emus. They share many characteristics with rheas and ostriches too.
Southern flying squirrelA small, gliding squirrel from North America.
Southern hawkerDragonflies can be seen on warm still days flying around at high speed catching insects in mid air.
Southern killer whale, southern orcaOrcas are one of the fastest animals in the sea. The record holder is a male timed at 55.5 km/h (34.5 mph). They are also one of the most widespread mammals on Earth.
Southern lesser bush baby, South African galagoBush babies have a call which sounds like a human child crying, hence their name.
Southern plains woodratSouthern plains woodrats are little, grey masters of building. They can construct houses over a metre high and thorny enough to deter any would-be predators.
Southern right whaleRight whales are named as such because whalers considered them the right whales to hunt.
Southern right whale dolphinThese common dolphins are sleek and streamlined. They are named after right whales because they both lack dorsal fins.
Southern tamanduaA tree-climbing anteater with golden fur and a long prehensile tail.
Sowerby's beaked whaleThis was the first of the beaked whales to be discovered, after an individual was found stranded in Scotland in 1800. English artist John Sowerby described it four years later, hence its name.
Spanish lynx, Iberian lynx, pardel lynxThe Spanish lynx is considered to be the most endangered feline in the world. Hopes are that it will not become the first extinction of a wild cat species for at least 2,000 years.
SparrowhawkSparrowhawks are so-named because of their preference for avian prey, as birds make up about 98 per cent of the sparrowhawk's diet.
Speckled wood butterflyThis brown woodland butterfly does not feed from flowers but can instead be seen feeding on the honeydew secreted by aphids.
Spectacled bear, Andean bear, ucumariThese are the last remaining representatives of the short-faced bears.
Spectacled porpoiseThese are one of the largest of the porpoises. They are fast, active swimmers, and they normally avoid boats.
Spectral tarsier, Celebesian tarsier, eastern tarsier, Sulawesi tarsierTarsiers are intermediate between lemurs and monkeys. They have the ability to turn their head through 180 degrees.
Spinner dolphin, long-snouted dolphinSpinner dolphins are renowned for their fantastic acrobatic displays.
Spitting spiderSpitting spiders were possibly introduced from the tropics. They immobilise prey by spitting at it.
Spotted dolphin, bridled dolphinThese tropical dolphins are very active and leap frequently.
Spotted hyenaHyenas have a bad reputation as cowardly scavengers, but they are actually highly interesting and intelligent animals.
Star-nosed moleA mole with a bizarre set of tentacles on its nose which are extremely sensitive to touch and electrical impulses, allowing it to find its prey without sight.
Stejneger's beaked whaleAs with most beaked whales, little is know about this species and they are rarely seen.
Steller's sea lion, Northern sea lionThese are the largest of the sea lions and will sometimes kill other pinnipeds.
Steppe bisonThe steppe bison is portrayed in Ice Age cave paintings.
Stoat, ermine, short-tailed weaselIn winter, the stoat's fur turns completely white, except for the black tip to its tail. During this time, they are called 'ermine'.
Strap-toothed whale, Layard's beaked whaleMale strap-toothed whales have two huge teeth growing out of their bottom jaw. These curl upwards and backwards, sometimes so much so that the whale can't open its beak properly.
Striped dolphin, euphrosyne dolphinStriped dolphins are active and very acrobatic.
Striped possumA nocturnal marsupial that uses its elongated fourth finger and large incisors to extract grubs from under tree bark. Like a skunk, it also emits a distinctive odour.
Stump-tailed macaqueThis species is also known as the bear macaque.
Sulphur-crested cockatooThis parrot is popular as a pet, and the capture of adults and chicks is posing a threat to some populations.
Sumatran orangutanAlso known as the red ape, or the 'old man of the forest', orangutans are the largest tree-living mammals. Sumatran orangutans are even more endangered than their Bornean counterparts.
Sun bear, Malay bear, honey bear, dog bearDespite being the smallest of all the bears, the sun bear is probably the most aggressive and will attack without provocation. Relatively, they also have the largest canines of all the bears, although their diet is less carnivorous than some of their cousins.
Sun-tailed guenonThis species wasn't described until 1988.
Swallowtail butterflyThe swallowtail is Britain's largest butterfly and also one of its most beautiful.
Tassel-eared marmosets emit a cricket-like call. When they feel threatened they raise their eyebrows as a display.
Tawny owlTawny owls are the most common and widespread owl in Europe. They are also the owl that emits the characteristic 'twit-twoo' call, although it is actually a duet between the male and the female.
Thick-tailed greater bush baby, greater galagoThick-tailed greater bush-babies are the largest of the bush babies. Like other bush babies, they makes a call that sounds like a human child crying.
Thomson's gazelleA common gazelle in Kenya and Tanzania, Thomson's gazelles live in large herds on the grassy plains.
Tibetan sand foxThese foxes are commonly trapped, and their skins are used by Tibetans for hats in some areas.
Tibetan stump-tailed macaque, Tibetan macaque, Pire David's macaque, short-tailed Tibetan macaqueDominant male Tibetan stump-tailed macaques are reported to have a favourite infant, which they groom. Subordinate males recognise this and carry the favourite infant to the dominant males in order to appease them.
TigerThe tiger is the largest of all the cats. Sadly, this magnificent animal has been hunted by humans and has lost much of its habitat. Three of the eight subspecies have already become extinct, and other populations are also at high risk.
Tiger sharkThese sharks have been nicknamed the dustbins of the sea, due to their voracious appetite and reputation for eating anything in their path.
Tokay geckoTokay geckos are commonly offered as pets — but their fierce bite makes them a potentially painful companion. Most captive tokays have been wild caught.
Tonkean macaque, tonkean black macaqueTonkean macaques have a reputation for raiding crops.
TopiA grazing antelope with a mahogany-and-black coat that lives in herds on African grasslands. Males form 'leks' where they compete and display to females.
Toque macaqueLike bonnet macaques, this species have a cap-like whorl of hair on their heads.
Tropical dolphinThe tropical dolphin is perhaps the most little-known of all cetaceans.
True's beaked whaleThese whales are also known as 'wonderful beaked whales'. They have never positively been identified at sea.
TuataraOften referred to as 'living fossils' because they are the only surviving members of the rhynchocephalid reptiles, tuataras are in fact very advanced.
Tube web spiderIf you see a tube web you can entice the spider to reveal itself by gently touching the radiating trip-lines with a small stick or piece of grass. This will only work in the evening or at night as the spider is nocturnal.
Tucuxi, estuarine dolphinThese timid, little dolphins are unusual in that they are found in both salt water and fresh water.
Two-spot ladybirdThe two-spot ladybird is very common and has very similar habits to the seven-spot ladybird.
The name sifaka comes from the noisy barking call they make during territorial confrontations.
Virginia opossumA marsupial that lives in North America and is often seen in urban environments. It 'plays dead' when threatened by predators.
Walruses are famous for their tusks and are the only pinnipeds (true seals, sea lions and fur seals) that have them. These can grow up to 1m in length, and males tend to have larger tusks than females.
WaspThese yellow and black wasps are social insects and live in underground nests of up to around 10,000 workers.
Wasp spiderIt is thought that this species was introduced to this country from continental Europe. Its population was previously confined to the south coast, but it seems to be spreading northwards. It has been recorded in this country since 1922, but it may have been here longer.
Water boatman, common backswimmerThis insect swims upside-down, propelled by two long legs, which paddle like oars, making it look like a rowing boat.
Water chevrotainA deer-like animal the size of a rabbit and intermediate in their physiology between pigs and deer. Water chevrotains live in dense African rainforest near water and are nocturnal and solitary.
Water shrewStudies on water shrew have suggested that they may have venomous saliva, which serves to immobilise the prey. Bites to humans produces a burning pain that may last for a few days.
Water spiderThis spider builds a silken retreat under water among plants which it fills with air. It is a good swimmer and will catch its aquatic prey and subdue it with its venomous jaws.
Water vole, water ratWater voles are the largest British vole and are often mistaken for a rat. In fact, Ratty from Kenneth Grahame's 'The Wind in the Willows' was actually a water vole.
Weasel, least weaselAlthough they look similar, one way to tell the difference between a stoat and a weasel is that unlike stoats, weasels do not have a black tip to the tail.
Western camelThe western camel was hunted by the ancestors of the Native Americans.
Western gorillaFor years the world's largest primate has been portrayed as a fearsome and aggressive beast. But gorillas are actually gentle giants, who have strong family ties and feed on nothing more sinister than vegetation.
Western horse, western quaggaThe western horse inhabited North America during the Ice Age.
Wetapunga, giant weta, Little Barrier Island weta, demon grasshopperThe wetapungas are the world's heaviest insects.
Whale sharkWhale sharks are the largest fish in the world. Fortunately, they are filter feeders and are harmless to humans.
Whiskered batBats' wings are adapted hands, with skin stretching between elongated fingers.
White-beaked dolphinLike many cetaceans, white-beaked dolphins are threatened by hunting, prey depletion, pollution and entanglement in nets.
White-faced capuchin, white-throated capuchinA cream and black capuchin monkey living in groups in the forests of Central and South America.
White-handed gibbon, lar gibbon, common gibbonThis species lives in family groups, with one reproducing male and female and their offspring.
White-tailed sea eagle, grey sea eagleWhite-tailed sea eagles are the fourth largest eagles in the world.
Wild boarThe wild boar, the ancestor to our domestic pigs, is a large pig species covered in dark bristly hairs. It is a widespread species, common in broadleaf forests across much of Europe, Asia and North Africa.
WildcatThe wildcat is the UK's only native feline species and is also one of the ancestors of our pet cats.
Wolf spiderWolf spiders are often seen in large numbers, and it was once thought that they hunted in packs — which is why they are named after the predatory wolf.
Wood mouse, long-tailed field mouseWood mice are one of the most common European small mammals.
Wood pigeon, ring doveWood pigeon chicks are fed on crop milk, specially produced by the parents.
Woodlouse spiderThis is one of the few species in the UK that can bite humans. Although their venom is not dangerous to us, their bite can be painful due to the strength of their jaws, and some people may have an allergic reaction to the venom. However, they are unlikely to bite.
Woolly mammothMammoths were closely related to modern day elephants.
Woolly opossumThere are three species of woolly opossum. These strange-looking little animals with pointed noses and forward-facing bulging eyes, spend their days climbing through treetops in search of fruit and hanging from their long prehensile tails.
Woolly rhinoThe woolly rhino was a member of an ancient group dating back 40 million years, which also includes today's critically endangered Sumatran rhino that also has reddish hair.
WrenTheir scientific name 'Troglodytes' means cave-dweller, after their preference for cave-like places. These little birds are nicknamed Jenny Wrens.
An aquatic marsupial — a member of the opossum family — with black and grey waterproof fur, webbed hind feet and a backward-pointing pouch in both sexes.
Yellow baboonThe resistance of baboons to HIV has led to several experiments in the search for a cure.
Yellow-eyed penguinYellow-eyed penguins normally dive to about 35m but sometimes as deep as 100m.
Yellow-footed rock wallabyThe yellow-footed rock wallaby, as its name suggests, is one of the most colourful members of the kangaroo family. Living in rocky terrain, it has developed a way of using its short forelimbs rather like a tight rope performer's pole to balance its acrobat jumps.
Yellow-necked mouseAlthough not endangered worldwide, the status of yellow-necked mice in the UK is unclear.
Zebra spiders belong to the family Salticidae (also known as jumping spiders) who are believed to have the best eyesight of any arthropod. If you take a close look at one of these spiders, it will often turn its head to look straight back at you.